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非谓语动词,怎么用最好有例子(非谓语动词的各种用法及例句)

非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词.为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义,我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、...

很高兴有机会参与这个非谓语动词的用法总结问题集合的讨论。这是一个多元且重要的话题,我将采取系统的方法,逐一回答每个问题,并分享一些相关的案例和观点。

非谓语动词,怎么用最好有例子(非谓语动词的各种用法及例句)

非谓语动词,怎么用最好有例子

非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词.为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义,我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、

表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义.

1.不定式和动名词作主语的区别

(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作;而不定式作主语表示具体动作.

Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here.这里禁止.(抽象)

It is not very good for you to smoke so much.你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好.(具体)

(2)动名词作主语时,通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验.

不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的.

Climbing mountains is interesting.爬山很有趣.(经验)

Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring.在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦.(经验)

(3)不定式做主语,一般用it当形式主语,把作主语的不定式短语后置.

It took me only five minutes to finish the job.

2.不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别

(1)不定式作表语

1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作,特别是表示将来的动作.

To do two things at a time is to do neither.--次做两件事等于未做.

What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干.

2)如果主语是不定式(表示条件),表语也是不定式(表示结果).

To see is to believe.百闻不如一见

To work means to earn a living.工作就是为了生活.

3)如果主语是以aim,duty,hope,idea,happiness,job,plan,problem,purpose,thing,wish等为中心的名词,或以what引导的名词性从句,不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用.

His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future.他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车.

The function of Louis Sullivan’s architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior.

The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant.

(2)动名词作表语:动名词作表语,表示抽象的一般性的行为.

Our work is serving the people.我们的工作是为人民服务.

His hobby is collecting stamps.他的爱好是集邮.

(注)动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同,但其所属结构迥异,进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的.动名词做表语,说明主语的性质或情况.

People cannot but feel puzzled,for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake.

His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected.

(3)分词作表语

分词做表语有两种情况,一种是现在分词做表语,一种是过去分词做表语,这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方.一般来说,表示心理状态的动词如excite,interest等都是及物动词,汉语意思不是“激动”,“高兴”,而是“使激动”、“使高兴”,因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”,过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”.所以,凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式,凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式.换句话说,若人对……感兴趣,就是somebody is interested in,若人/物本身有兴趣时,就是说sb./sth.is interesting.这类词常见的有:

interesting使人感到高兴--interested感到高兴的

exciting令人激动的--excited感到激动的

delighting令人高兴的--delighted感到高兴的

disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的

encouraging令人鼓舞的--encouraged感到鼓舞的

pleasing令人愉快的--pleased感到愉快的

puzzling令人费解的--puzzled感到费解的

satisfying令人满意的---satisfied感到满意的

surprising令人惊异的--surprised感到惊异的

worrying令人担心的--worried感到担心的

Travelling is interesting but tiring.旅行是有趣的,但是使人疲劳.

The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much.如果要学生学得太多,他们会感到糊涂的.

The argument is very convincing.他的论点很令人信服.

They were very excited at the news.听到这个消息,他们非常激动.

3.不定式和动名词作宾语的区别

英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式,也可跟动名词作直接宾语,但有些动词要求:

(1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语

1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语

attempt企图 enable能够 neglect忽视

afford负担得起 demand要求 long渴望

arrange安排 destine注定 mean意欲,打算

begin开始 expect期望 omit忽略,漏

appear似乎,显得 determine决定 manage设法

cease停止 hate憎恨,厌恶 pretend假装

ask问 dread害怕 need需要

agree同意

非谓语动词用于哪里?

非谓语动词的用法如下:

(1)不定式(to do),可以做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语。

做主语:To give up smoking is necessary.

戒烟是十分有必要的。

做宾语:I don’t like to trouble him.

我不想去麻烦他。

做定语:This is the best way to solve the problem.

这是解决这个问题的最好办法。

做状语:He is lucky to get here on time.

他能及时到这很幸运。

做宾语补足语:My teacher tells me to study hard.

我的老师叫我好好学习。

(2)动名词(doing),可以做主语、宾语、表语、定语。

做主语:Playing video games is a waste of time.

玩电子游戏很浪费时间。

做宾语:I like eating dumplings.

我喜欢吃饺子。

做表语:My work is looking after the children.

我的工作是照看这些孩子。

做定语:This is a reading room.

这是一间阅览室。

(3)现在分词(doing):可以做表语、定语、状语、补语。

做表语:The film is moving.

那部**很感人。

做定语:The room facing south is my bedroom.

那间朝南的房间是我的卧室。

做状语:Seeing the cat, the mouse ran off.

见到猫,老鼠就跑了。

做宾语补足语:I see the cat running.

我看见一只猫在跑。

(4)过去分词(done):可以做表语、定语、状语、补语。

做表语:We were moved.

我们被感动了。

做定语:The broken window is repaired.

那个破了的窗户被修好了。

做状语:She came into the office, followed by her assistant.

她走进办公室,身后跟着她的助理。

做宾语补足语:I saw a mouse caught by a cat.

我看见一只被猫抓住的老鼠。

高中英语非谓语动词讲解

一、非谓语动词种类及句法功能

(一)概述:

在英语中,不作句子谓语,而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词,叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词有动词不定式(the Infinitive);动名词(the Gerund);现在分词(the Present Participle);过去分词(the Past Participle)。

1.非谓语动词与谓语动词的相同点有:

(1)如果是及物动词都可与宾语连用,例如:

They built a garden.

They suggested building a garden.

(2)都可以被状语修饰:

The suit fits him very well.

The suit used to fit him very well.

(3)都有主动与被动, “体”式(一般式;进行式;完成式)的变化。例如:

He was punished by his parents.(谓语动词被动语态)

He avoided being punished by his parents.(动名词的被动式)

We have written the composition.(谓语动词的完成时)

Having written the composition, we handed it in.(现在分词的完成式)

(4)都可以有逻辑主语

They started the work at once.(谓语动词的逻辑主语)

The boss ordered them to start the work.(动词不定式的逻辑主语)

We are League members.(谓语动词的主语)

We being League member, the work was well done.

(现在分词的逻辑主语)

2、非谓语动词与谓语动词的不同点有:

(1)非谓语动词可以有名词作用(如动词不定式和动名词),在句中做主语、宾语、表语。

(2)非谓语动词可以有形容词作用(如动词不定式和分词),在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语。

(3)非谓语动词可以有副词作用(如动词不定式和分词),在句中作状语。

(二)非谓语动词的句法功能:

二、非谓语动词用法:

(一)动词不定式:(to)+do,具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。

1.不定式的形式:(以动词write为例)

否定式:not + (to) do

(1)一般式:不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后,

例如:

I'm glad to meet you.

He seems to know a lot.

We plan to pay a visit.

He wants to be an artist.

The patient asked to be operated on at once.

The teacher ordered the work to be done.

(2)进行式:不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生,例如:

The boy pretended to be working hard.

He seems to be reading in his room.

(3)完成式:不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前,例如:

I regretted to have told a lie.

I happened to have seen the film.

He is pleased to have met his friend.

2.不定式的句法功能:

(1)作主语:

To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.

To lose your heart means failure.

动词不定式短语作主语时,常用it作形式主语,例如上面两句可用如下形式:

It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.

It means failure to lose your heart.

(2)作表语:

Her job is to clean the hall.

He appears to have caught a cold.

(3)作宾语:

常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有:want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 如果不定式(宾语)后面有宾语补足语,则用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语(不

定式)后置,放在宾语补足语后面,例如:

Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.

动词不定式也可充当介词宾语,如:

I have no choice but to stay here.

He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike.

动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用,如:

He gave us some advice on how to learn English.

(4)作宾语补足语:

在复合宾语中,动词不定式可充当宾语补足语,如下动词常跟这种复合宾语:want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite.

此外,介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用,如:

With a lot of work to do, he didn't go to the cinema.

有些动词如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等与不带有to的不定式连用,但改为被动语态时,不定式要加to, 如:

I saw him cross the road.

He was seen to cross the road.

(5)作定语:

动词不定式作定语,放在所修饰的名词或代词后。与所修饰名词有如下关系:

①动宾关系:

 I have a meeting to attend.

 注意:不定式为不及物动词时,所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等,应有必要的介词,如:

 He found a good house to live in.

 The child has nothing to worry about.

 What did you open it with?

 如果不定式修饰time, place, way,可以省略介词:

 He has no place to live.

 This is the best way to work out this problem.

 如果不定式所修饰名词是不定式动作承受者,不定式可用主动式也可用被动式:

 Have you got anything to send?

 Have you got anything to be sent?

②说明所修饰名词的内容:

 We have made a plan to finish the work.

③被修饰名词是不定式逻辑主语:

 He is the first to get here.

(6)作状语:

①表目的:

 He worked day and night to get the money.

 She sold her hair to buy the watch chain.

 注意不定式放句首时,逻辑主语与句子主语要一致:

 wrong:To save money, every means has been tried.

 right:To save money, he has tried every means.

 wrong:To learn English well, a dictionary is needed.

 right:To learn English well, he needs a dictionary.

②表结果:

 He arrived late to find the train gone.

 常用only放在不定式前表示强调:

 I visited him only to find him out.

③表原因:

 They were very sad to hear the news.

④表程度:

 It's too dark for us to see anything.

 The question is simple for him to answer.

(7)作独立成分:

To tell you the truth, I don't like the way he talked.

(8)不定式的省略:保留to省略do动词。

If you don't want to do it, you don't need to.

(9)不定式的并列:第二个不定式可省略to。

He wished to study medicine and become a doctor.

(二)动名词:

动名词既具有动词的一些特征,又具有名词的句法功能。

1.动名词的形式:

否定式:not + 动名词

(1)一般式:

Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。

(2)被动式:

He came to the party without being invited.他未被邀请就来到了晚会。

(3)完成式:

We remembered having seen the film. 我们记得看过这部**。

(4)完成被动式:

He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old.

他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过。

(5)否定式:not + 动名词

I regret not following his advice. 我后悔没听他的劝告。

(6)复合结构:物主代词(或名词所有格)+ 动名词

He suggested our trying it once again. 他建议我们再试一次。

His not knowing English troubled him a lot.

他不懂英语给他带来许多麻烦。

2.动名词的句法功能:

(1)作主语:

Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗读是很有好处的。

Collecting stamps is interesting. 集邮很有趣。

当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语。

It's no use quarrelling.争吵是没用的。

(2)作表语:

In the ant city, the queen's job is laying eggs.

在蚂蚁王国,蚁后的工作是产卵。

(3)作宾语:

They haven't finished building the dam. 他们还没有建好大坝。

We have to prevent the air from being polluted.

我们必须阻止空气被污染。

注意动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语,如上面两个例句。此外,动名词作宾语时,若跟有宾语补足语,则常用形式宾语it,例如:

We found it no good making fun of others. 我们发现取笑他人不好。

要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语:

enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid(避免), excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit(承认),deny(否认), mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk(冒险), appreciate(感激), be busy, be worth, feel like, can't stand, can't help(情不自禁地), think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent…(from),keep …from, stop…(from),protect…from, set about, be engaged in, spend…(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on, feel like

(4)作定语:

He can't walk without a walking-stick. 他没有拐杖不能走路。

Is there a swimming pool in your school? 你们学校有游泳池吗?

(5)作同位语:

The cave, his hiding-place is secret. 那个山洞,他藏身的地方很秘密。

His habit, listening to the news on the radio remains unchanged.

他收听收音机新闻节目的习惯仍未改变。

(三)现在分词:

现在分词既具有动词的一些特征,又具有形容词和副词的句法功能。

1、现在分词的形式:

否定式:not + 现在分词

(1)现在分词的主动语态:现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,完成

式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生,常作状语。例如:

They went to the park, singing and talking. 他们边唱边说向公园走去。

Having done his homework, he played basket-ball. 做完作业,他开始打篮球。

(2)现在分词的被动语态:一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作,完成式表示发生在谓语动

词之前的被动的动作。

The problem being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。

Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake.

被告诉了好几遍,这个淘气的孩子又犯了同一个错误。

2.现在分词的句法功能:

(1)作定语:现在分词作定语,当分词单独做定语时,放在所修饰的名词前;如果是分词短语做定语

放在名词后。

In the following years he worked even harder.

在后来的几年中,他学习更努力了。

The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father.

正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。

现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能,如:in the following years也可用in the years that followed; the man speaking to the teacher可改为the man who is speaking to the teacher.

(2)现在分词作表语:

The film being shown in the cinema is exciting. 正在这家上演的**很棒。

The present situation is inspiring. 当前的形势鼓舞人心。

be + doing既可能表示现在进行时,也可能是现在分词做表语,它们的区别在于be + doing表示进行的动作是进行时,而表示特征时是系动词be与现在分词构成系表结构。

(3)作宾语补足语:

如下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语:

see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, observe, listen to, look at, leave, catch等。例如:

Can you hear her singing the song in the next room? 你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗?

He kept the car waiting at the gate. 他让小汽车在门口等着。

(4)现在分词作状语:

①作时间状语:

 (While) Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker.

 在工厂工作时,他是一名先进工人。

②作原因状语:

 Being a League member, he is always helping others. 由于是共青团员,他经常帮助他人。

③作方式状语,表示伴随:

 He stayed at home, cleaning and washing. 他呆在家里,又擦又洗。

④作条件状语:

 (If) Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time.

 要是整天玩,你就会浪费宝贵的时间。

⑤作结果状语:

 He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces. 他把杯子掉了,结果摔得粉碎。

⑥作目的状语:

 He went swimming the other day. 几天前他去游泳了。

⑦作让步状语:

 Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon.

 虽然雨下得很大,但不久天就晴了。

⑧与逻辑主语构成独立主格:

 I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my heard.

 我等汽车时,一只鸟落到我头上。

 All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly.

 所有的票已经卖光了,他们失望地离开了。

 Time permitting, we'll do another two exercises.

如果时间允许,我们将做另两个练习。

 有时也可用with (without) +名词(代词宾格)+分词形式

 With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他点着灯睡着了。

⑨作独立成分:

 udging from(by) his appearance, he must be an actor.

 从外表看,他一定是个演员。

 Generally speaking, girls are more careful. 一般说来,女孩子更细心。

(四)过去分词:

过去分词只有一种形式:规则动词由动词原形加词尾-ed构成。不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的规则要求,要一一记住。

过去分词的句法功能:

1.过去分词作定语:

Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. 上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行。

Those elected as committee members will attend the meeting. 当选为委员的人将出席这次会。

注意当过去分词是单词时,一般用于名词前,如果是过去分词短语,就放在名词的后面。过去分词做定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。

2.过去分词作表语:

The window is broken. 窗户破了。

They were frightened at the sad sight. 他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害怕。

注意:be + 过去分词,如果表示状态是系表结构,如果表示被动的动作是被动语态。区别:

The window is broken.(系表)

The window was broken by the boy.(被动)

有些过去分词是不及物动词构成的,不表示被动,只表示完成。如:

boiled water(开水) fallen leaves(落叶)

newly arrived goods(新到的货) the risen sun(升起的太阳)

the changed world(变了的世界)

这类过去分词有:gone, come, fallen, risen, changed, arrived, returned, passed等。

3.过去分词作宾语补足语:

I heard the song sung several times last week.

上周我听见这首歌被唱了好几次。

有时过去分词做with短语中的宾语补足语:

With the work done, they went out to play. 工作做完了,他们出去玩去了。

4.过去分词作状语:

Praised by the neighbours, he became the pride of his parents.

受到邻居们的表扬,他成为父母的骄傲。(表示原因)

Once seen, it can never be forgotten.

一旦它被看见,人们就忘不了。(表示时间)

Given more time, I'll be able to do it better.

如果给予更多的时间,我能做得更好。(表示条件)

Though told of the danger, he still risked his life

非谓语动词的各种用法及例句

非谓语动词详析 非谓语动词在句子中不作谓语,它包含动词不定式,动名词,分词。 动词不定式是动词的一种非限定形式,由“to+动词原形”构成,在句子中起名词,形容词或副词的作用。在句子中可以充当各种成分,有多种用法。 Ⅰ、不定式完成式的用法:如果不定式所表示的动作在谓语动作发生之前,不定式要用完成式(to have done)。 For example :I’m sorry not to have come on Wednesday .(我星期三没能来到,很抱歉)。 不定式的完成式只用于下列情况: a、 在seem(似乎),appear(显得),be supposed(被认为),be said(听说)等动词后,表示在更早时间发生的事。 For example: He seems to have been ill.(他现在看起来好像生过一场病) b、 be wish(想),hope(希望),desire(欲望),intend(打算),suppose(料想),think(想)等动词的“过去式+不定式的完成式”。表示没有实现的时间。For example: I wished to have helped you , but I had no money.(我本来愿意帮助你,但当时没有钱) He meant to have come to see you last night.(昨天晚上他本来有意来看你) Ⅱ、不定式的被动式及用法。当不定式的逻辑主语为不定式所表示动作的承受者时,就用不定式的被动式(to be done, to have been done). For example: I want the letter to be typed at once.(我要求这信马上打出来) It’s an honor for me to be invited to your house.(能被邀请到你们家是一种荣耀) Ⅲ、 主动的不定式与被动的不定式的区别及用法 1、通常,在不定式前能找到不定式所表达的动作的执行者时,此不定式用主动形式,每当不定式前不能找到所表达的动作的执行着时,此不定式用被动形式。 I have work to do (不能说I have work to be done)我有工作要干(执行者:I) He is reading the report to be published tomorrow 他正在阅读那份明天要发表的报告。(publish前无执行者) 2、在“there be”结构中,既可用主动式也可用被动式。 Example: There is no time to lose(to be lost) 再也不能耽搁时间了。 虽然在该结构中,作定语的不定式可以用主动形式,也可以用被动形式,但这两种形式还是有差别的。 1、There are a number of problems to solve. 2、There are a number of problems to be solved. 例句1中用的是动词不定式的主动形式,不定式的逻辑主语可以从上下问中看出来。假设逻辑主语是we,那么例如1可以改写成:There are a number of problems that we must solve.例如2中的动词不定试是被动形式,可以改写成:There are a number of problems that must be solved.例句2中的不定式的逻辑主语从上下问看不出来。 Ⅳ、 不定式短语和动名词作主语的用法及区别 不定式短语和动名词短语作主语时,可以用it做形式主语,使用“it+位于+作主语的不定式(动名词)短语”句型,主要区别是;不定式一般表示具体的行为动作,动名词往往抽表示抽象概念,表达某个一般的动作,或表示说话者的亲身经历。 For example: Being polite is needed anytime and anywhere.任何时候在任何地点都需要有礼貌。 Ⅴ、 作插入语的独立不定式的用法 独立不定式和动词不定式不动,与句中其他部分没有语法关系,只作插入语用,对全句进行解释,表示说话人的态度或起承上启下的作用,独立不定式无论位于何处,它必须用逗号与句子隔开,常用的独立不定式有: To begin with首先,to tell the truth老实说 To be brief简而言之,to return to the subject言归正传 To make matters worse更糟的是,to make a long story short简言之 等。 Ⅵ、 不带to 的不定式的用法,动词不定试有带to和不带to两中形式,以下几种情况不能带to. 1、在情态动词will, shall, would, should, can, could, may, might和must之后,在would rather和had better之后,以及在作为主次的need, dare之后,不定式不带to. For example: I’d rather go alone.但愿自己去。 2、当不定式作see, hear, overhear, listen to, feel, observe, look at 等感官动词的宾语补足语时不带to For example: I’ve never observed her do otherwise.(我从未看见她不是这样做的). 3、当不定式作make, let, leave, have, bid等使役动词以及find, help, know等动词的宾语补足语 4、在某些习语和固定搭配中不定式不带to,常见的有: make believe假装, make do凑合,hear tell听说 5、介词but, except, besides, save等之前有动词do或do的其他形式以及can but(不得不)can not but(只得,只能),cannot help but(不得不) can not choose but(只好)等短语时,其它的不定式不带to. For example: I could not choose but speak the truth. 我不能不说真话。 动名词,动名词也是动词的一种非限定形式,由动词原形加“-ing”构成,与现在分词同形。动名词前有动词和名词的特征和作用。 Ⅰ、动名词的逻辑主语是代词时,用形容词性的物主代词表示有生命的名词时,用名词的“’s” 所有格;表示无生命的名词时,用名词的普通格,不用所有格。 For example: Mary’s grumbling annoyed him(名词的所有格) I am afraid of the tent falling down during the night(名词的普通格) 我不怕那个帐篷晚上倒下来。 Ⅱ、 介词后使用动名词的情况 A、介词后面的动词要用动名词形式,“介词+动名词”可以作状语,表示时间、原因、方式等,表示目的常用不定式或“for the purpose of doing something”结构。 For example I came here for the purpose of seeing you.(我来这儿是为了看你) B、“介词to+动名词”和“不定式to+动词原形”的区别 若to是介词,其后只能接动名词。 For example: I’ve been looking forward to seeing you soon.(我期望早日见到你)。 Ⅲ、动名词用于“It is no use (good) doing…”等句型 动名词作主语时,也可以用it做先行主语。动名词(短语)常在以 no use, no good, senseless, dangerous, difficult, a waste, a nuisance, useless, hard work, sad thing, a waste of time, worthwhile等词语作表语的句中。 For example: It is a mere waste of time answering these letters.(回复这些信笺,只不过是浪费时间而已) Ⅳ、动词后跟动名词和跟不定式的比较。 在advise, allow, attempt, can’t bear, begin, continue, forbid, forget, go on, hate,hear,intend,like,love,permit,prefer,propose,regret,remember,see,start,stop,try,watch等动词后面,既可以跟不定式,也可跟动名词,但意思有区别。 分词。分词是动词的三中非限定形式之一,分为两种:现在分词和过去分词。 Ⅰ、现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别:分词作定语时,应注意它与被修饰的动词之间的关系。如果是被修饰名词发出的动作,须用现在分词,如果被修饰的名词是动作的接受者,则用过去分词。因此现在分词带有主动和未完成的意义,过去分词带有被动和完成的意义。 The crying child woke her mother.(啼哭的孩子唤醒了她妈妈。)child是动作cry的发出者。 The sorted letters were delivered to the houses.(分了类的信件被送往各家各户)letters是动作sorted的接受者。 Ⅱ、分词独立结构,分词短语用作状语的时候,它的逻辑主语一般必须与句子的主语一直。但是它有时也可以有自己逻辑上的主语,形成“名词(代词)+分词(或分词短语)”结构。这种带有逻辑主语分词或分词短语成为分词独立结构。这种结构有的接近同位语,对前面的一个名词加以解释。 For example: There are two good books, each having it’s own characteristics.有两本好书,每本都有各自的特点。 Ⅲ、分词和不定式作定语的区别 A、 现在分词作定语表示正在进行的动作及现在(或当时)的状态。例如:The girl playing the piano is Mary.正在弹钢琴的女孩叫Mary. B、过去分词作定语表示的动作在谓语动作之前发生或是没有一定的时间性,有被动之意。 For example: The piano used at the concert is made in France.音乐会上用的钢琴是法国产的。 C、不定式作定语表示一个未来的动作。 For example: The girl to play the piano at the concert is Mary.将要在音乐会上弹钢琴的女孩叫Mary。

非谓语动词的用法总结 总结非谓语动词的用法

非谓语动词有四种形式:不定式,动名词,分词:现在分词,过去分词。

1、不定式(todo):做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。

2、动名词(doing):做主语、宾语、表语、定语。

3、现在分词(doing):做表语、定语、状语和补语。

4、过去分词(done):做表语、定语、状语和补语。

非谓语动词知识点总结是什么

有人说,非谓语题在高考英语试卷中,少则一题,多则两三题,没几分,不必太在意。其实不然,非谓语作为一种基本的语法现象是可以出现在任何题目中的,涉及单选、完型、阅读、改错等各类题型,即使是在作文中,如果通篇都不出现一个非谓语,恐怕分数也不会太高。

可以说,非谓语在整张考卷中都以各种可察觉或不可察觉的方式考查着我们。因此,千万不要以分值小为由而忽略非谓语的重要性。

关于非谓语的语法详讲,同学们在课堂上已基本掌握,下文主要以高考真题为例,以非谓语题的答题技巧为主要内容,来梳理一下这个知识点,帮助同学们在高考英语中准确解答,稳拿高分。

非谓语知识点概述

非谓语形式就是动词的变形,即由动词变化而来,但不能做谓语,而是承担其他语法功能。主要有三种形式:不定式,分词(现在分词、过去分词),动名词。详见下表:

以上形式又各有不同的变化形式,如:

大体用法如下:

非谓语动词的否定形式:

在非谓语动词前加not。

非谓语动词的复合结构:

①for sb.to do sth.(sb.是to do的逻辑主语)

②one's doing(one是doing的逻辑主语)

例如:

For Tom to learn a foreign language is too difficult.

相当于It is too difficult for Tom to learn a foreign language.

句意:对汤姆来说学习一门外语太难了。(Tom 是to learn a foreign language的逻辑主语。)

例如:Do you mind Tom's smoking?

句意:你介意汤姆吸烟吗?(Tom是smoking的逻辑主语。)

非谓语题答题技巧

01

确定是否需要非谓语。句中已经有谓语动词,再出现动词表示动作时,须用非谓语形式,如果是并列谓语要有and或“,”链接。

02

分析是不是固定短语。如果是,按照固定短语分析。

03

分析出非谓语的逻辑主语,主要有以下集几种情况:

①非谓语做定语时,非谓语的逻辑主语是非谓语所修饰的词。

例如:I like the teacher teaching English.

(译:我喜欢教英语的那个老师。)

句中非谓语做定语,修饰the teacher,the teacher是非谓语teaching的逻辑主语,非谓语与其逻辑主语是主动关系。

②非谓语做状语时,非谓语的逻辑主语是主句的主语。

例如:Watching TV,she was moved.

(译:看电视时,她被感动了。)

句中非谓语做状语,非谓语的逻辑主语就是主句的主语,she是非谓语watching TV的逻辑主语,非谓语与其逻辑主语是主动关系。

③非谓语做宾语补足语时,非谓语的逻辑主语是该句的宾语。

例如:His boss wanted Li Lei to finish the work.

主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语

(译:李雷的老板让他完成工作。)

句中非谓语to finish做宾语him的补足语,him 是to finish的逻辑主语,非谓语与其逻辑主语是主动关系。

04

确定非谓语的逻辑主语后,分析非谓语与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系还是被动关系。

05

分析非谓语表示的动作与主句谓语动作发生的时间关系,分析非谓语表示的动作是发生在谓语动词的同时、之前还是之后。

非谓语真题练习

2021年

八省联考

1.Like many other students, you may have various people, 56 (include) family members and friends, giving input on your college.

浙江卷

1. In 1985, urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries 62 (study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas.

2.This may be due to some disadvantages for people 64 (live) in the countryside, including lower (low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.

2020年

全国卷 I

1. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments on board Chang'e-4 66 (find) and study areas of theSouth Pole-Aitken basin.

2. I like eating frying tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must to be easy to cook.

3. My mom told me how to preparing it.

全国卷 Ⅱ

1. They represent the earth 63 (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.

2. They make great gifs and you see them many times 65 (decorate) with red envelopes andmessages of good fortune.

3. They are easy 68 (care) for and make great presents.

全国卷 III

1. The next morning he hired a boat and set out 67 (find) the well-known painter.

2. And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds 69 (surround) the mountain tops,he was reduced to tears.

山东卷

1. As well as looking at exhibits,visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine themselves (they) living at a different time inhistory or 43 (walk) through a rainforest.

浙江卷

1. Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology 60 (change)lives.

2. Later, they learned to work with the seasons (season),planting at the right time and, in dry areas, 63 (make) use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉) their fields.

江苏卷

1. Technological innovations, ____ good marketing, will promote the sales of these products.

A. combined with B. combining with

C. having combined with D. to be combined with

▲2019 年

全国卷 I

1. Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive 64 (perform) consistently over a large area.

2. Scientists have responded by 67 (note) that hungry bears may be congregating (聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion (错觉) that populations are higher than they actually are.

3. All the football players on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football.

全国卷 II

1. A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for 61 (be) Britain's oldest full-time employee — still working 40 hours a week.

2. Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene declared she had no plans 65 (retire) from her 36-year-old business.

3. When we got a call 68 (say) she was short-listed, we thought it was a joke.

全国卷 III

1. On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take 62 (get) there.

2. On the last day of our week-long stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, 70 (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.

3. Now my dream is to opens a pen cafe.

4. If I succeed in manage one, I will open more.

浙江卷

1. But?some?students?didn't?want? 63 (wear)?the?uniform.

▲2018 年

全国卷 I

1.You don't have to run fast or for long 62 (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63 (die) early by running.

2. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish.

全国卷 II

1. Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice 64 (improve) water quality.

2. China's approach to protecting its environment while 70 (feed) its citizens "offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide", says the bank's Juergen Voegele.

4. As a kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watching them, my parents would not let me.

全国卷 III

1. I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid 64 (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel 65 (challenge).

2. Once his message was delivered, he allowed me 70 (stay) and watch.

3. Everyone was silent, wait to see who would be called upon to read his or her paragraph aloud.

浙江卷

1. I still remember 59 (visit) a friend who'd lived here for five years and I was shocked when I learnt she hadn't cooked once in all that time.  

▲2017 年

全国卷 I

1. Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 63 (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.

2. Fast food is full of fat and salt; by 68 (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.

全国卷 II

1. This included digging up the road, 63 (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over the top.

2. When summer comes, they will invite their students pick the fresh vegetables!

全国卷 III

1. But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term 61 (rest).

2. But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants 65 (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty.

浙江卷

1. Sixteen?years?earlier,?Pahlsson?had?removed?the?diamond?ring? 61 (cook)?a?meal.

2. Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got 63 (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish.

▲2016 年

全国卷 I

1. But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, when I was the first Western TV reporter 66 (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include 67 (introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.

全国卷 II

1. If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you'll be less likely 69 (bring) your work home.

2. We can choose between staying at home and take a trip.

全国卷 III

1. Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal 63 (create) special designs.

2. People probably cooked their food in large pots, 64 (use) twigs(树枝) to remove it.

3. I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes.

▲2015 年

全国卷 I

1. A?study?of?travelers 68 (conduct)?by?the?website?Trip Advisor?names?Yangshuo?as?one?of?the?top?10?destinations?in?the?world.

2. Abercrombie?&?Kent,?a?travel?company?in?Hong?Kong,?says?it regularly?arranges?quick?gateways?here?for?people 70 (live)?in?Shanghai?and?Hong?Kong.

全国卷 II

1. The adobe dwellings (土坯房) 61 (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even the most modern of architects and engineers. In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to “air condition” a house without 64 (use) electric equipment.

2. When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough 66 (cool) the house during the hot day; at the same time, they warm up again for the night.

3. After looks at the toy for some time, he turned around and found his parents were missing.

答案

▲2021年

八省联考

1.including

句意为“像许多其他学生一样,可能会有各种各样的人,包括你的家人 和朋友,为你上哪所大学提供意见”。空白处应填介词 including 。

浙江卷

1.studied

考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知,该句谓语动词为had,故此空考查study的非谓语动词形式,此处作countries的后置定语;而countries与study之间为被动关系,且“研究”是已经完成了的动作,故填studied。

2. living

考查非谓语动词。此空考查live的非谓语动词形式,此处作people的后置定语;而people与live之间为主动关系,故填living。

▲2020 年

全国卷 I

1.to find

考查非谓语动词。句意:中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地。此处表示目的,应使用不定式作目的状语。故填to find。

2. frying改为fried

考查非谓语动词。句意:我喜欢吃西红柿炒鸡蛋。动词fry与tomatoes之间是动宾关系,所以此处应用过去分词作定语,故将frying改为fried。

3. preparing改为prepare

考查非谓语动词。句意:我妈妈告诉我如何准备这道菜。分析句子可知,“how+不定式”作told的宾语,to是不定式符号,后应接动词原形,故将preparing改为prepare。

全国卷 II

1. coming

考查非谓语动词。句意:它们代表着大地的复苏和对新开端的美好祝愿。句中谓语动词为represent,所以这里为非谓语动词。名词earth与comeback to之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填coming。

2. decorated

考查非谓语动词。句意:它们是很好的礼物,你会经常看到它们装饰着红包和好运的信息。句中them指代前句中的orange trees,与decorate之间为被动关系,所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填decorated。

3. to care

考查非谓语动词。句意:它们很容易照顾,也很适合作为礼物。这里考查“be +形容词 + to do”结构。故填tocare。

全国卷 III

1.to find

考查非谓语动词。句意:第二天早上,他租了一条船,出发去找这位著名的画家。结合句意表示“出发去做某事”短语为set out to do sth.,后跟不定式做目的状语。故填to find。

2. surrounding

考查非谓语动词。句意:当他看到雾气从河上升起,山顶上乌云环绕,他不禁流下了眼泪。分析句子结构可知,the soft clouds 69 (surround) the mountain tops是独立主格结构做状语,surround在句中应用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑主语clouds构成主动关系,故应用现在分词。故填surrounding。

山东卷

1.walking

考查非谓语动词。句意:除了观赏展品,游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏,想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期,或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处与living是并列成分,共同做imagine的宾补,imagine sb doing sth. “想象某人做某事”。故填walking。

浙江卷

1. to change

考查非谓语动词。句意:农业让人们第一次体验到技术改变生活的力量。分析句子,简单句中已有动词gave故提示词部分需用非谓语动词。分析句意,此处需用不定式表示目的。故填to change。

2.making

考查非谓语动词。句意:后来,他们学会了因地制宜,在适当的时间播种,在干旱地区,利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子,make所处的分句中无主语,故此处需用非谓语动词。make use of和逻辑主语they之间表示“主动”关系。所以此处用现在分词形式(doing)形式做状语。故填making。

江苏卷

1.A

考查非谓语动词。句意:技术创新与良好的市场营销相结合,将促进这些产品的销售。此处是短语:be combined with“与……结合/联合”,本句中省略be动词,使用过去分词做状语。故选A。

▲2019 年

全国卷 I

1.to perform

该句为 “be + 形容词 + 不定式” 结构,主语 methods 与谓语动词 perform 为被动关系,但需用不定式的主动式作状语。

2. noting

介词后用 note 的动词 -ing 形式 noting 作宾语。

3.say → saying

全国卷 II

1. being

介词后用动词 -ing 形式作宾语。

2. to retire

名词 plan 后接不定式作后置定语。

3. saying

名词 call 与 say 之间为主动关系,故用现在分词形式作后置定语。

全国卷 III

1. to get

分析句子结构可知,it takes + 时间 + to do sth 中,it 作形式主语,动词不定式作真正的主语。

2. listening

主语 we 与 listen 之间为主动关系,故用现在分词形式作状语。

3.opens → open

4.manage → managing

浙江卷

1. to wear want 后通常接不定式 to do sth。

▲2018 年

全国卷 I

1. to see

根据句意 “要见到效果,你不必快跑或长时间地跑”, to see 作目的状语。

2. dying

介词后用 die 的动名词形式 dying。

3.sell → selling

全国卷 II

1. to improve

根据语境 “改善水质” 是 “政府鼓励农民种玉米而不种水稻”的目的,动词不定式作目的状语。

2. feeding

when / while + 现在分词短语作时间状语,相当于when / while 引导的时间状语从句。

3.watching → watch

全国卷 III

1. (64) looking

avoid 后接动名词作宾语。avoid doing sth 意为 “避免做某事”。

(65).challenged

主语 he 与 challenge(对……挑战)之间为被动关系,故用过去分词形式。

2. to stay

allow sb to do sth是固定结构,意为 “允许某人做某事”,因此应填 to stay。

3.wait → waiting

浙江卷

1. visiting

remember doing sth 意为 “记得做过某事”。

▲2017 年

全国卷 I

1. to process

根据语境“需要它们(脂肪和盐)来处理食物” 和关键词required 可知,此处应填 to process。

2. eating

“by+动名词”作方式状语。此处意为 “吃大量的快餐,人们将摄入超过他们饮食所需的盐和油脂”。

全国卷 II

1. laying

63 (lay) the track 和上文的 digging up the road 及下文的 building a strong roof ... 是并列结构,因此用 laying。

2.pick → to pick

全国卷 III

1. resting

spend+ 一段时间 + doing sth 是固定结构, 故填 resting。

2. to prove

want 后通常接不定式 to do sth。

浙江卷

1. to cook

由语境“Pahlsson 摘掉戒指去做饭”可知,不定式短语作状语,表目的。

2. swept

句子主语 ring 与 sweep 之间为被动关系, 因此用过去分词形式。

▲2016 年

全国卷 I

1.(66) permitted

被修饰的名词和 permit 之间是被动关系,故用过去分词形式。

(67) introducing

include后面跟动词-ing形式作宾语,故填 introducing。

全国卷 II

1. to bring

be likely to do sth 是固定结构,意为“可能做某事”,故填 to bring。

2.take → taking

全国卷 III

1. to create

根据句意可知,这里用不定式表目的,故填 to create。

2. using

根据语境可知,use的逻辑主语是 people,两者是主动关系,用现在分词作伴随状语,故填 using。

3.wear → wearing

▲2015 年

全国卷 I

1. conducted

主语 a study 与 conduct 之间为被动关系,故用过去分词形式。

2. living

被修饰的名词与 live 之间为主动关系,故用现在分词形式作后置定语。

全国卷 II

1.(61)built

名词 dwellings 与 build 之间为被动关系,故用过去分词形式。

(64) using

介词后用动名词形式,故填 using。

2. to cool

该句为“be + adj + enough +to do sth” 结构, 故填 to cool。

3.looks → looking

非谓语动词作主语,宾语,表语等有什么区别,用法

非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词和分词。动词不定式可在句中作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语;动名词可在句中作主语、表语、宾语和定语;分词可在句中作表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语,现将它们在用法上的区别总结如下:

1?动词不定式和动名词作主语比较

动名词作主语表示一般或抽象的多次性动作,不定式作主语表示具体的或一次性的动作,特别是将来的动作。例如:

_______ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.(MET 1992)

A.The walk B.Walking C.To walk D.Walk(Key:B)

2?动词不定式、动名词、分词作表语比较

(1)不定式和动名词作表语的区别同作主语一样。

His job is building houses.

Our task now is to increase food production.

(2)动词不定式和动名词作表语说明主语的内容,现在分词作表语表示主语所具有的特征,过去分词作表语表示主语所处的状态。

The real problem is getting to know the needs of the customers.

The most important thing is to put theory into practice.

The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,_______ it more difficult.(NMET 1999)

A.not make B.not to make C.not making D.do not make (Key:B)

3?动词不定式和动名词作宾语比较

(1)有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语,如:want,wish,hope,manage,de- mand,promise,refuse,pretend,plan, offer,decide,agree,expect等。

We agreed _______ here,but so far she hasn't turned up yet.(NMET 1995)

A.having met B.meeting C.to meet D.to have met (Key:C)

(2)有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语,如:admit,appreciate,avoid,con- sider,delay,dislike,enjoy,escape, excuse,finish,forgive,imagine, keep,mind,miss,practise,resist, risk,suggest,deny等。

The squirrel was so lucky that it just missed_______ .(MET 1987)

A.catching B.to be caught C.being caught D.to catch (Key:C)

I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon.(MET 1992)

A.you to call B.you call C.you calling D.you're calling(Key:C)

(3)有些动词后既可以跟不定式又可以跟动名词,意义上无多大区别,如:love, like,hate,prefer,intend,start, continue等。

I intend to finish/finish- ing the task this morning.

(4)有些动词后既可以跟不定式,又可以跟动名词,但意义上有区别,如:forget,remember, mean,regret,stop,try等。

—The light in the office is still on.

—Oh,I forgot _______ .(MET 1991)

A.turning it off B.turn it off C.to turn it off D.having turned it off(Key:C)

—You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.

—Well,now I regret _______ that.(NMET 1995)

A.to do B.to be doing C.to have done D.having done(Key:D)

4、动词不定式、分词作宾语补足语和主语补足语比较

(1)有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语补足语或主语补足语,如:ask,tell,order,want,wish,warn, allow,advise,permit,forbid等。

The patientwas warned _______ oily food after the operation.(NMET 1996)

A.to eat not B.eating not C.not to eat D.not eating(Key:C)

(2)有些动词后既可以跟不定式,又可以跟分词作宾语补足语或主语补足语,但意义不同,如:see,watch,notice,observe,hear,feel,have, make等,且不定式不带to,但在被动结构中必须带to。不定式指动作的全过程;现在分词指正在进行的动作的一部分,且表主动意义;过去分词指已经完成的动作,且表被动意义。

Paul doesn't have to be made .He always works hard.(NMET 1995)

A.learn B.to learn C.learned D.learning(Key:B)

The manager discussed the plan that they would like so see the next year.(NMET 2000)

A.carry out B.carrying out

C.carried out D.to carry out(Key:C)

5?不定式、动名词、分词作定语比较

(1)不定式作定语表示“将要”,现在分词表示“正在”或主动,过去分词表示“已经”。

The Olympic Games,in 776 B.C.,did not include women players until1912.(NMET 1997)

A.first playing B.to be first played C.first played D.to be first playing(Key:C)

When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door“Sorry to miss you; will call later.”(NMET 1999)

A.read B.reads C.to read D.reading(Key:D)

(2)动名词作定语表示被修饰名词的用途,现在分词作定语表示被修饰名词的动作。

a swimming pool动名词作定语,a swim- ming fish现在分词作定语。

6?动词不定式作状语修饰动词、形容词,表示原因、目的和结果,分词作状语修饰动词和句子,表示时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随和结果。

late in the morning,Bob turned off the alarm.(NMET 2001)

A.To sleep B.Sleeping C.Sleep D.Having slept(Key:A)

such heavy pollution already,it may now be too late to clean up the river.(NMET 2000)

A.Having suffered B.Suffering C.To suffer D.Suffered(Key:A)

more attention,the trees could have grown better.(MET 1990)

A.Given B.To give C.Giving D.Having given(Key:A)

非谓语动词怎么区分?有哪几种?

非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词),即动词的非谓语形式。

非谓语动词也是动词的一种,他们有着动词的其他特点,可以充当主语、宾语、状语等。非谓语动词与谓语动词是相对的概念。

动词不定式:(to)+ do,具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。

否定式:not + (to) do。

1、一般式:不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后。

2、进行式:不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生。

3、完成式:不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。

扩展资料

与谓语动词的不同点

1、非谓语动词可以有名词作用(如动词不定式和动名词),在句中做主语、宾语、表语。

2、非谓语动词可以有形容词作用(如动词不定式和分词),在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语。

3、非谓语动词可以有副词作用(如动词不定式和分词),在句中作状语。

4、谓语动词在句中作谓语,受主语的人称和数的限制;非谓语动词在句中不能单独作谓语,它不受主语的人称和数的限制。

5、英语中不能单独做句子的谓语。

参考资料:

百度百科——非谓语动词

非谓语动词,怎么用最好有例子(非谓语动词的各种用法及例句)

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